Toiletries and Allergies: Part 2

Contact reactions
An allergic contact reaction involves an immune response to a chemical in the cosmetic, which is most likely to be a preservative of some type. Contact dermatitis occurs where the skin has come into contact with an allergen; a secondary spread may occur if you then touch other parts of your body with hands contaminated with that allergen.

Preservatives are among the most potent allergens found in cosmetics, with the best preservatives often making the strongest allergens.

The chemicals used to make fragrances are another common source of allergens. About 10 percent of people investigated for eczema-like skin conditions are found to be sensitive to fragrances. Other cosmetic allergens include hair dyes and the resin found in nail varnish.

Choosing a product
In general, cosmetics are relatively simple formulations modified with "extras" for marketing. There are many well-priced, non-fragranced products suitable for sensitive skins. Bear in mind that a well-marketed, expensive product is not necessarily a well-tolerated one. If you are choosing a product for an eczema sufferer, manufacturers may provide samples.


What does the label mean?
"Hypoallergenic" commonly appears on cosmetic and skin-care products. "Hypo" simply means "less" or "decreased" and, for example, most cosmetics labelled as "hypoallergenic" will be fragrance-free. Since fragrances are an important cause of skin contact allergy, a cosmetic that does not contain any fragrance is less likely to cause an allergic reaction.

Another commonly used form of wording on labels is "suitable for sensitive skin". Approximately 20-30 percent of people consider that they have "sensitive skin". The phrase has no legal definition, but is often taken to mean that the product is suitable for use by those likely to experience a non-specific reaction, such as redness or itchiness, to a product.



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