Pollens that are produced by grass are generally more common than tree pollens, and grass pollinosis (the technical name for hay fever) affects a larger percentage of the population than three pollinosis. The grass family (Poaceae) is extremely large, with more than 10000 species worldwide. About 1000 of these are distributed throughout the USA and only 400 in Europe. The grasses of lowland meadows tend to produce more pollen than those of poor soils. Grass pollen are too large to enter the lower airways, and so they are more often the cause of nose and eye problems rather than asthma. The common grasses that are associated with hay fever are:
- Alopecurus (Foxtail)
- Anthoxanthum (Vernal)
- Arrhenatherum (Oat grass)
- Cornus (Dogstail)
- Festuca (Fescue)
- Lolium (Rye)
- Phleum (Timothy)
- Poa (Meadow)
In cities, depending on the prevailing wind conditions and local geography, hay-fever attacks tend to peak one or two days after release of the pollens takes place in the countryside. Interestingly, the heat generated by cities keeps pollens airborne, so that ground-level measures of pollens are lower than in the country. However, this is not all good news, since the interaction of the pollens with city pollution leads to symptoms occurring at relatively low allergen levels.
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